Alkanes – Chemistry Test Questions – Flashcards
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1-Isopropyl-3,5-dimethylcyclohexane
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3,3-Diethyl-2,5-dimethylnonane
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1-Ethyl-2-methylcyclohexane
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3,4-Dimethylhexane
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Methylcycloheptane
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1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane
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5,5-Diethyl-2,3,6-trimethylnonane
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C6,H14
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How Many Carbon? How Many Hydrogen?
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C6H12
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Determine the chemical formula for this molecule
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A,C
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Several statements are given below. Choose all of the statements that would be TRUE for the molecule propane. A) In complete combustion it yields three molecules of carbon dioxide B) Its chemical formula is C3H6 C) It is a gas at room temperature and standard pressure D) It is the simplest hydrocarbon
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A) Structural Isomers
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Which of the following best describes how these two molecules are related to each other? Choose the best answer. A) Structural (constitutional) Isomers B) Geometric Isomers C) None of these options D) Conformers
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A) Structural Isomers
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Which of the following best describes how these molecules are related to each other? Choose the best answer. A) Structural (constitutional) Isomers B) Conformers C) Geometric Isomers D) None of these options
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3-ethyl-5-methylheptane
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What is the Iupac name?
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4-Ethyl-3,5-dimethylheptane
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What is the Iupac name?
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A
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Three carbon atoms have been labeled on the molecule below. Which of these carbon atoms are tertiary?
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Hydrocarbons
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compounds consist of only carbon and hydrogen
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Expanded Structural Formula
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written to show the bonds between all atoms
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Carbon has _____ shape
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Tetrahedral
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Alkanes
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Class of hydrocarbons in which atoms are connected by single bonds )C-C and C-H) All are non-polar 3 types: Straight chain alkane, Branched-chained Alkanes, and Cyclic Alkanes
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Alkane name from 1 carbon - 10 carbon atoms
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methane 1 hexane 6 ethane 2 heptane 7 Propane 3 octane 8 Butane 4 nonane 9 Pentane 5 decane 10
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Condensed structure formula
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carbon and attached hydrogen are written as a group CH3CH2CH3 ect Branched groups are connected with a vertical line.
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Cycloalkanes
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Hydrocarbons form cyclic structures called cycloalkanes these have 2 fewer H atoms
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CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
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PENTANE
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Substituents
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branches off alkanes that replace the Hydrogen
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Isomers
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2 compounds have same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms (different structure)
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When a carbon is branched you replace the ane with ___?
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-yl CH3- Methyl CH3-CH2 Ethyl
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dichloromethane
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CH2Cl2
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1,2-dichloroethane
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CH2Cl-CH2Cl
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1,1-dichloroethane
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CHCl2-CH3
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3,5-dibromo-1-chlorohexane
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CH3 CHBr CH2 CHBr CH3 CH2Cl
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1-bromo-2-methylpentane
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CH2Br CH(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH3
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Methyl
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Name the functional group: C-3H
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cis-isomer
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In this isomer, to specific molecules, labeled X in this case, are on the same side.
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trans-isomer
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if two specific molecule, both labeled S, are on different sides, this molecule is a(n)
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yes
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are cis fats kinked?
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NO
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are trans fats kinked?
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catalysts
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chemical agents that selectively speed up reactions are known as
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Primary Carbon
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1° Has one other non-hydrogen atom attached
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Secondary Carbon
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2° Has two other non-hydrogen atom attached
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Tertiary Carbon
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3° Has three other non-hydrogen atom attached
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Quaternary Carbon
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4° Has four other non-hydrogen atom attached
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Covalently bonded compounds
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Carbon: four bonds, always Hydrogen: one bond always Oxygen: two bonds Nitrogen: three bonds
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Straight chains:
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All carbons are connected in one continous chain
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Branched chain
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one or more carbons branch off of the main chain
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Alkane properties
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All are non-polar MP and BP increase with number of carbons in a straight chain alkane MP and BP increase with length of chain MP and BP decrease with increased number of substituents Short alkanes (methane, ethane, propane) are gases are room temp. Medium alkanes (butane to octane) are liquids are room temp very Long alkanes are solids. Some solids include waxes and petroleum
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Alkane reactions
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Combustion Halogenation
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Alkanr Combustion Reaction
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Alkane + O? ?(spark)?CO? + H?O CH? + 2O? ? CO? + 2H?O
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Alkane Halogenation Reaction
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*requires catalyst CH? + 4Cl? ?(heat or light)? CCl? + 4HCl
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Formula for Alkane
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Cn H?n +2 ("n" number of carbons and there are two hydrogens attached to top and bottom of every carbon, plus 2 on the ends)
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Formula for an Alkene
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Cn H?n (Alkenes have a double bond so two hydrogens are removed Cn H?n +2 -2, so the +2-2 can be cancelled out)
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Formula for cyclic alkane
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Cn H?n (cyclic alkanes connect in a circle so the two hydrogens on the ends are removed to attach the two end carbons together. Therefor the +2 -2 is cancelled out)
