question

The inner lining of the heart.

answer

Endocardium

question

Heart muscle.

answer

Myocardium

question

Serous layer covering the heart muscle

answer

Epicardium

question

The outermost layer of the serous pericardium.

answer

Parietal layer

question

The pacemaker of the heart.

answer

SA node

question

Found in the interventricular septum.

answer

AV bundle

question

Network found in the ventricular myocardium.

answer

Purkinje fibers

question

The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed.

answer

AV node

question

Prevents backflow into the left ventricle. Prevents backflow into the left ventricle.

answer

Aortic valve

question

Prevents backflow into the right atrium.

answer

Tricuspid valve

question

Prevents backflow into the left atrium.

answer

Mitral valve

question

Prevents backflow into the right ventricle.

answer

Pulmonary valves

question

AV valve with two flaps.

answer

Mitral valve

question

AV valve with three flaps.

answer

Tricuspid valve

question

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.

answer

True

question

Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle.

answer

False

question

Proper function of the heart is dependent upon blood levels of ionic sodium.

answer

False

question

Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to body tissues.

answer

True

question

Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by connective tissue.

answer

True

question

The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.

answer

True

question

Chronic release of excess thyroxine can cause a sustained increase in heart rate and a weakened heart.

answer

True

question

The mitral valve has chordae but the tricuspid valve does not.

answer

False

question

Trabeculae carneae are found in the ventricles and never the atria.

answer

True

question

The "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart's pulmonary and aortic valves.

answer

False

question

Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons.

answer

False

question

The dicrotic notch refers to the brief rise in pressure caused by the closure of the AV valves during ventricular systole.

answer

False

question

An ECG provides direct information about valve function.

answer

False

question

As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve.

answer

True

question

Proxysmal atrial tachycardia is characterized by bursts of atrial contractions with little pause between them.

answer

True

question

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

answer

closure of the heart valves

question

Cardiac reserve ________.

answer

can be improved by regular exercise

question

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________.

answer

a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

question

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________.

answer

pump blood with greater pressure

question

Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block.

answer

AV node

question

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.

answer

atrial depolarization

question

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.

answer

left atrium

question

Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the ________.

answer

papillary muscles

question

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.

answer

) angina pectoris

question

To auscultate the aortic valve, you would place your stethoscope ________.

answer

) in the second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

question

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.

answer

coronary arteries

question

When the heart is beating at a rate of 75 times per minute, the duration of one cardiac cycle is ________ second(s).

answer

0.8

question

Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?

answer

skin color

question

) Which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart?

answer

thinning of the valve flaps

question

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________.

answer

decreased delivery of oxygen

question

Cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they ________.

answer

have I and A bands

question

Cardiac output is about ________ L/min.

answer

5.25

question

The pericardial cavity ________.

answer

contains a lubricating fluid called serous fluid

question

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells ________.

answer

tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action

question

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.

answer

causing threshold to be reached more quickly

question

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.

answer

the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute

question

Foramen ovale ________.

answer

connects the two atria in the fetal heart

question

The stroke volume for a normal resting heart is ________ ml/beat.

answer

70

question

Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?

answer

pulmonary trunk

question

Blood ejected from the ventricles enters which of these vessels during ventricular systole?

answer

both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

question

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

answer

AV valve

question

The tricuspid valve is closed ________.

answer

when the ventricle is in systole

question

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.

answer

noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

question

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

answer

The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contraction.

question

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.

answer

The all-or-none law as applied to cardiac muscle means that the entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.

question

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

answer

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

question

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________.

answer

has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

question

Cardiac muscle ________.

answer

has sarcomeres with A bands and I bands

question

The deflection waves in an ECG tracing include ________.

answer

the T wave, which indicates ventricular repolarization

question

During the period of ventricular filling ________.

answer

blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves

question

The effect of endurance-type athletic training may be to lower the resting heart rate. This phenomenon ________.

answer

is caused by hypertrophy of the heart muscle

question

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

answer

isovolumetric relaxation

question

The time of day most hazardous for heart attacks is ________.

answer

morning

question

If a significant amount of connective tissue were to develop connecting the visceral and parietal pericardial layers together, which of the following would be a likely consequence?

answer

interference with normal mechanical cardiac activity

question

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________.

answer

threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase

question

Select the correct statement about cardiac output.

answer

A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.

question

During contraction of heart muscle cells ________.

answer

some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores

question

Isovolumetric contraction ________.

answer

refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

question

Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a ________.

answer

relatively mild blow to the chest

question

Negative chronotropic factors are factors that ________.

answer

decrease heart rate

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