Chemistry Chapter 1answers – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers| Solid |
| has definite volume and definite shape |
| Viscosity |
| the resistance of a liquid to flowing |
liquid |
| does not have a definite shape, but has definite volume |
| Condensation |
| the change of a state from a gas to a liquid |
Physical Change |
alters the form of a substance, but not its identity
EX: Blending a milkshake * Water vapor in the air turns to liquid water in the form of rain |
| Chemical Change |
substances combine or break apart to form new substances.
EX: Burning Wood |
| Boiling point |
the temp. at which a liquid boils * characteristic property that can help tell similar liquids apart. |
| element |
a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into other substances |
| Weight |
| the measurement of the force of gravity on an object |
| Mass |
The measurement of how much matter an object contains
* volume x density |
Density |
the measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume * Mass Volume |
| Dalton's Theory of Atoms |
Atoms cannot be broken down into smaller pieces ; In any element, all atoms are exactly alike ; Atoms of different elements are different ; Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form compounds ; Atoms of each element have a unique mass ; The masses of the elements in a compound are always in a constant ratio |
| Why study two or three characteristics before identifying a substance? |
| Many substances share melting points, boiling points and other properties |
| Molecule |
| a group of atoms that are joined together and act as a single unit |
| chemical bonds |
| hold atoms together in a molecule |
| Panning |
| technique used by miners to separate gold from sand and dirt |
| chemical activity |
the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change ; * Copper can be separated from surrounding material because of this |
Compound |
| pure substances formed from chemical combinations of two or more different elements |
| Mixtures |
| type of matter that consists of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table? |
| to the right of the zig zag line |
| What group contains the most elements? |
| Metals |
| Where are metals located on the periodic table? |
| to the left of the zig zag line |
| Pure Substances |
| made of only one kind of matter and has definite properties |
| Atoms |
| Extremely small particles that compose all elements |
| What element makes up most of the sun? |
| Hydrogen |
Why can gold be separated easily from its surrounding material? |
| It has a high density |
| SI Unit for Mass |
| Kilogram |
| Electrolysis |
| an electric current breaks the chemical bond that joins a metal and other elements in an ore |
How did Mendeleev create the first periodic table? |
| by arranging elements in order of increasing atomic mass |
| What can be predicted from an element's location on the periodic table? |
the elements properties |
What do elements have in common? |
| elements have similar properties |
| Mendeleev's prediction |
three new elements would be discovered, and described their properties ; * twenty years later, it came true |
| What determines how an atom interacts wiht other atmos? |
| the number of valence electrons |
| Elements in a group |
| have the same number and arrangement of valence electrons |
| Where are most reactive metals found in the periodic table? |
| Group 1, first column on left |
| Alkaline Earth Metals |
have two valence electrons in their atoms |
| Where are valence electrons located in an atom? |
| farthest from the nucleus |
At room temp what type of elements are gases? |
| Nonmetal |
What shares characteristics with metals and nonmetals? |
| Metalloids |
What does the row of elements on a periodic table tell you about the elements? |
| They are in the same period |
What do the columns of elements on a periodic table tell you about the elements? |
| They are in the same family |
| On the periodic table what indicates the number of protons in an atom? |
| The element's atomic number |
| What part of an atom moves around the nucleus? |
| electrons |
| What is the atomic number of an element based on? |
| the number of protons in the nucleus |
Noble Gases |
Elements that do not ordinarily form compounds |
| Halogens |
| Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine |
Symbol |
| one or two letters that represent each element |
