Test Answers on Chapter 1 – Chemistry – Flashcards

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question
what is matter?
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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what is mass?
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the measure of the amount of matter in a substance
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List the specialties of chemistry
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organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical
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what is organic chemistry?
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the study of carbon-containing compounds
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what is inorganic chemistry?
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the study of substances that do not contain carbon
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what is physical chemistry?
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the study of matter and its relation to energy
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what is analytical chemistry?
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the study of the composition of materials
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what is biochemistry?
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the study of substances and processes that occur in living things
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what is theoretical chemistry?
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using math and computers to understand and predict (through models) the properties of new compounds
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is chemistry a physical or biological science?
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physical
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what is an atom?
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the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of an element
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What are pure substances? How many type(s) are there? List the type(s)
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A constant, defined composition that can not be separated into simpler substances by physical means.
-there are two types
-the types are elements and compounds
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What are elements?
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A type of pure substance that is made up of only one type of atom
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What are Compounds?
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A type of substance made of more than one type of atom but requires a chemical change in order to be broken down.
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What is a mixture? How many type(s) are there? LIst the type(s)
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More than one element or compound. Can have different compositions and can be separated through physical change.
-there are two types
-the types are homogeneous and heterogeneous
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What is a homogeneous mixture?
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A mixture that has the same composition throughout, even distribution, also called a solution
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What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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A mixture that has an uneven composition and distribution of substances and properties.
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What is a property?
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A characteristic of something
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What are the four types of properties?
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Extensive, intensive, physical, and chemical
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What is an extensive property?
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a characteristic that depends on the amount of matter present.
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What is an intensive property?
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A characteristic that does not depend on the amount of matter present
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What is a physical property?
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A characteristic that can be observed without a chemical reaction.
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What is a chemical property?
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A characteristic that can only be observed in a chemical reaction or by changing the identity of the substance.
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What are the two types of changes a substance can undergo?
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Physical and chemical
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What is a physical change?
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A change that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.
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What is a chemical change?
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A change that chemically alters substances, giving different physical and chemical properties after the change.
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What are the properties of a solid?
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-has a definite volume and shape
-particles are in a tight, fixed position
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what are the properties of a liquid?
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-has a definite volume and indefinite shape
-malleable
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what are the properties of a gas?
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-has an indefinite volume and shape
-particles move freely and rapidly
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What are the six possible phase changes?
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1) solid to liquid
2) liquid to solid
3) gas to liquid
4) liquid to gas
5) gas to solid
6) solid to gas
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what is the name of the phase change from a solid to a liquid?
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melting
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What is the name of the phase change from a liquid to a solid?
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Freezing
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What is the name of the phase change from a gas to a liquid?
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condensation
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What is the name of the phase change from a liquid to a gas?
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vaporization
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What is the name of the phase change from a gas to a solid?
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deposition
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What is the name of the phase change from a solid to a gas?
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sublimation
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What is the Law of conservation of mass?
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Mass is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
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What is the law of conservation of energy?
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Energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
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What are the properties of metals?
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-good conductor of heat and electricity
-shiny
-solid at room temp.
-malleable
-ductile
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What are the properties of nonmetals?
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-not a good conductor
-dull
-most are gases at room temperature
-not malleable
-not ductile
-very brittle
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What are the properties of metalloids?
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-Have properties of metals and nonmetals
-shiny
-all are solid at room temperature
-less malleable than metals
-not as brittle as nonmetals
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What is chemistry?
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Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.
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What are the three types of research?
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Basic Research, Applied Research, and Technological Developments.
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What is a chemical?
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Any substance that has a definite composition.
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What is basic research?
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Research carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properties of a substance are. Chance discoveries can be the result.
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What is applied research?
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Research that is generally carried out to solve a problem. Researchers are in this case driven not by curiosity or a desire to know but by a desire to solve a specific problem.
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What is a Technological Development?
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Typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.
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What is plasma?
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A high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms.
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What are two instruments routinely used in chemistry?
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X-rays and blances
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Is iron homogeneous or heterogeneous?
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homogeneous
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Is quartz heterogeneous or homogeneous?
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homogeneous
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is granite heterogeneous or homogeneous?
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heterogeneous
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is an energy drink heterogeneous or homogeneous?
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homogeneous
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Is oil-and-vinegar salad dressing heterogeneous or homogeneous?
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heterogeneous
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Is salt homogeneous or heterogeneous?
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homogeneous
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Is rainwater heterogeneous or homogeneous?
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homogeneous
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Is nitrogen heterogeneous or homogeneous?
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homogeneous
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Is ice melting a physical or chemical change?
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physical
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Is paper burning a physical or chemical change?
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chemical
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Is metal rusting a chemical or physical change?
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chemical
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Is gas pressure increasing a physical or chemical change?
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physical
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Is liquid evaporating a chemical or physical change?
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physical
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Is food digesting a chemical or physical change?
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chemical
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What are microstructures?
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Things too tiny to be seen with the unaided eye.
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What kind of research is used when a laboratory in a major university surveys all the reactions involving bromine?
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basic research
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What kind(s) of research is used when a pharmaceutical company explores a disease in order to produce a better medicine?
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applied and basic research
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What kind(s) of research is used when a scientist investigates the cause of the ozone hole to find a way to stop the loss of the ozone layer?
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applied research
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What kind(s) of research is used when a pharmaceutical company discovers a more efficient method of producing a drug?
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Applied and Basic research
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What kind(s) of research is used when a chemical company develops a new biodegradable plastic?
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Technological development and applied research
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What kind(s) of research is used when a laboratory explores the use of ozone to inactivate bacteria in a drinking-water system.
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applied and basic research
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