Chapter 22 – Alcohols – Flashcards
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What is the characteristic functional group for alcohols and phenols.
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hydroxyl
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What is the formula for hydroxyl?
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-OH
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An alcohol is ____.
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aliphatic
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General formula for alcohol.
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ROH
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Write the formula for methanol.
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CH3OH
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What is the class of methanol?
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primary
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Write the formula for ethanol.
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CH3CH2OH
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What is the common name for methanol?
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methyl alcohol
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What is the common name for ethanol?
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ethyl alcohol
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What is the class of ethanol?
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primary
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Write the formula for 1-propanol.
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CH3CH2CH2OH
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What is the common name for 1-propanol?
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n-propyl alcohol
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What is the class of 1-propanol?
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primary
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Write the formula for 1-butanol.
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CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
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What is the common name for 1-butanol?
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n-butyl alcohol
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What is the class of 1-butanol?
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primary
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What is the formula for 1-pentanol?
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CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
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What is the common name for 1-pentanol?
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n-pentyl alcohol
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What is the class of 1-pentanol?
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primary
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Write the formula for 2-methyl-1-propanol.
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CH3CH(-CH3)CH2OH
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What is the common name for 2-methyl-1-propanol?
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isobutyl alcohol
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What is the class of 2-methyl-1-propanol?
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primary
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Write the formula for 2-propanol.
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CH3CH(-OH)CH3
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What is the common name for 2-propanol?
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isopropyl alcohol
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What is the class of 2-propanol?
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secondary
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Write the formula for 2-butanol.
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CH3CH2CH(-OH)CH3
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What is the common name for 2-butanol?
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sec-butyl alcohol
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What is the class of 2-butanol?
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secondary
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Write the formula for 1,2-ethanediol.
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OHCH2CH2OH
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What is the common name of 1,2-ethanediol?
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ethylene glycol
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Write the formula for 1,2,3-propanetriol.
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OHCH2CH(-OH)CH2OH
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What are the two common names for 1,2,3-propanetriol?
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glycerol and glycerine
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What is the class of 1,2-ethanediol?
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dihydroxy
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What is the class of 1,2,3-propanetrioll?
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trihydroxy
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Name the compound: CH3CH(-OH)CH3
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2-propanol
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Name the compound: CH3CH(-CH3)CH2CH2OH
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3-methyl-1-butanol
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Name the compound: HOCH2CH2OH
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1,2-ethanediol
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Name the compound: CH3CH2(CH3-)C(-CH3)CH2CH(-OH)CH2CH3
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5,5-dimethyl-3-heptanol
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-OH is a ____ hydroxyl group.
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polar
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-OH group can undergo ____ bonding.
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hydrogen
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Because of hydrogen bonding, alcohols have a ____ boiling point compared to alkanes.
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increased
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Alcohols with three carbon atoms or fewer are ____ soluble in water.
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infinitely
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Alcohols with four or more carbon atoms have ____ solubility in water.
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limited
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Recall: all hydrocarbons are ____ in water.
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insoluble
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Alcohols are ____ to form aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids.
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oxidized
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What is the general symbol for oxidizing agents in reactions?
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[O]
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Alcohols undergo ____ to form an oxonium atom.
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protonation
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Alcohols undergo ____ to form an alkoxide ion.
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deprotonation
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Alcohols undergo ____ to form aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
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oxidation
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Alcohols undergo ____ to form alkenes and ethers.
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dehydration
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Alcohols undergo ____ to form carboxylic esters.
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esterification
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Primary alcohols oxidize to form ____.
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aldehydes
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Aldehydes oxidize to form ____.
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carboxylic acids
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Secondary alcohols oxidize to form ____.
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ketones
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True or false: tertiary alcohols do NOT oxidize under these conditions?
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true
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A branched-chain alcohol will have a ____ boiling point than the corresponding straight-chain alcohol.
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lower
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Alcohols with ____ carbon atoms or fewer are infinitely soluble in water.
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three
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Dehydration of alcohols forms alkenes and ____.
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esters
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Esterification of acohols form ____.
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carboxylic esters
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Oxidation forms aldehydes, ____, and carboxylic acid.
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ketones
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Protonation forms an ____ ion.
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oxonium
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Primary alcohols form ____ when oxidized.
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aldehydes
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Secondary alcohols form ____ when oxidized.
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ketones
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Tertiary alcohols do ____ oxidize under these conditions.
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not
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Ethanol is oxidized in the liver to form ____.
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ethanal
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Ethanal is also known as ____.
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acetaldehyde
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Ethanal is a ____.
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aldehyde
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Ethanol can be prepared on an industrial scale by ____.
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fermentation
