Chapter 4 Ionic Theory of Solutions and Solubility Rules – Flashcards

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ionic theory of solutions
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certain substances produce freely moving ions when they dissolve in water, and these ions conduct an electric current in an aqueous solution
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electrolyte
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substance that dissolves in water to give an electrically conducting solution (salt)
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nonelectrolyte
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substance that dissolves in water to give a nonducting solution (sucrose)
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how strong or weak electrolytes are depend on...
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how many ions dissolve in solution (strong electrolyte- most dissolve as ions)
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solubility
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ability to dissolve
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spectator ion
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an ion in an ionic equation that does not take part in the reaction
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net ionic equation
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an ionic equation from which spectator ions have been canceled
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precitate
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an insoluble solid compound formed during a chemical reaction in solution
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precipitation reactions
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two ionic substances is mixed to form a solid ionic substance
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exchange (or metathesis) reaction
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a reaction between compounds that appears to involve the exchange of parts between the two reactants
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acid
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the molecule or ion that donates a proton to another
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base
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the molecule or ion that accepts a proton in a reaction
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strong acid/weak acid
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strong acid-ionizes completely in water; is a strong electrolyte
weak acid- partly ionizes in water; is a weak electrolyte
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strong base/weak base
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strong electrolyte/weak electryolyte
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neutralization reaction
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a reaction of an acid and a base that results in an ionic compound and possibly water
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oxidation-reduction reactions
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involve the transfer of electrons between reactants
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half-reaction
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combination reaction
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a reaction in which two substances combine to form a third substance
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decomposition reaction
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a reaction in which a single compound reacts to give two or more substances
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displacement reaction
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a reaction in which an element reacts with a compound, displacing an element from it
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acid-base reaction
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a reaction in which an acid substance reacts with a base. involves the transfer of a proton
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combustion reaction
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a reaction in which a substance in which a substance reacts with oxygen to produce flame
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molarity
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the molar concentration of the moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution
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gravimetric analysis
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quantitative analysis in which the amount of a species in a material is determined by converting the speicies to a prouduct that can be isolated completely and weighted
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quantitative analysis
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the determination of the amount of a substance present in a material
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