Chem 1115 Unit 1 – Flashcards

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question
Chemistry is the study of what?
answer

Matter and the changes matter undergoes.

 

question
What is matter?
answer
the stuff that make up all things
question
What are the three states of matter?
answer

Liquid

Solid

Gas

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What are the properties of a gas?
answer

indefinite shape

indefinite volume

particles widely separated

particles moving rapidly

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What are the properties of the liquid state?
answer

indefinite shape

fixed volume

particles in close contact

particles(or cluster of particles) can move past one another

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What is a pure substance?
answer
a substance that contains only one kind of matter with a specific composition
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What can a pure substance be?
answer

an element when composed of one type of atom

a compound when composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

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What are elements?
answer
pure substances that contain one type of atom
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What are atoms?
answer
the smallest unit of matter that has a chemical identity
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What are compounds?
answer
a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms in definite ratios
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What is a molecule?
answer
two or more atoms bonded together to form a unit with a distinct shape
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What is a mixture?
answer
Combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity
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What is a homogenous mixture?
answer
the composition is uniform throught and the different parts are not visible
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what kind of mixture is a solution?
answer
A homogenous mixture
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What is a heterogenous mixture?
answer

The composition is not uniform

the different parts are visible

the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another

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What is filtration?
answer
where solid substances are seperated from liquids and solutions
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What is distillation?
answer
uses the boiling points of substances to seperate a homogenous mixture into its components
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what is chromatography?
answer
seperates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent
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how are physical properties observed?
answer
they are observed without changing the identity and composition of a substance
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How are chemical properties observed?
answer
can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance
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What are intensive properties?
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properties independent of how much substance there is

Ex: density, boiling point, color

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What are extensive properties?
answer

dependent on the amount of substance present

Ex:mass, volume, energy

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What are physical changes?
answer
changes in matter that do not change the composition of the substance.
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What are chemical changes?
answer
chemical changes that result in new substances
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What is a metal classified as on the periodic table of elements?
answer

shiny, ductile, and malleable

solid at room temperature

good conductors of heat and electricity

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What are nonmetals classified as on the periodic table of elements?
answer

dull,brittle, and poor conductors

gases at room temp except for Br Hg

good insulators

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What are metalloids clasified as on the periodic table of elements?
answer

better conductors than nonmetals but not as good as metals

used as semiconductors and insulators

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What happens when atoms of metals react with nonmetals?
answer
lose electrons to form cations
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what happens when nonmetals react with metals?
answer
they gain electrons to form anions
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What happens when nonmetals react with other nonmetals?
answer
they share electrons to form covalent bonds
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What are diatonic elements and which ones are they?
answer

nonmetallic elements that are more stable if they bond with another atom of the same element.

I2,Br2,Cl2,F2,O2,N2,H2

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What is the scientific method?
answer
a process used by scientists to learn more about nature and natural phenomena
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What does the scientific method involve?
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make observations

formulate hypothesis

do experiments

propose theories

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What is a scientific law?
answer
a statement summarizing observations that are consistently made in nature or in the lab
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What is a hypothesis?
answer
an unsupported statement that explains the observation
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What are experiments?
answer
procedures that test a hypothesis or theory
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what is a scientific theory?
answer
a tested explanation for a set of phenomena
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Mega
answer

abbreviation

M

Meaning

106

question
Kilo
answer

Abbreviation

k

Meaning

103

question
Centi
answer

Abbreviation

c

Meaning

10-2

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Milli
answer

Abbreviation

m

Meaning

10-3

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Micro
answer

Abbreviation

µ

Meaning

10-6

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Nano
answer

Abbreviation

n

Meaning

10-9

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What is precision?
answer
the proximity of several measurements to each other or the fineness of a measurement
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What is Accuracy?
answer
The proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity
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What is a property?
answer
Any charateristic that is used to recognize a type of matter and to distinguish matter from other matter
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What is the law of constant composition?
answer
law stating that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same
question
How many meters in a kilometer?
answer
1000
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How many millimeters in a meter?
answer
1000
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how many millimeters in a centimeter?
answer
10
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How many milliliters in a liter?
answer
1000
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How many milliliters in a decaliter?
answer
100
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what does one milliliter equal?
answer
one cm3
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How many grams in a kilogram?
answer
1000
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how many milligrams in a gram?
answer
1000
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