Chemistry Chapter 1 Answers – Flashcards
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| the science of matter and the transformation it can undergo |
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| chemistry |
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| what is the name of the anticancer drug we talked about? |
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| taxol |
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| what tree has cancer-fighting abilities |
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| pacific yew bark |
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| what is the active chemical in the yew bark that helps fight cancer |
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| paclitaxel |
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| why is the yew bark a poor source? |
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| removing bark kills the tree and it takes 6 100 yr. old trees to treat one patient |
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| whhat was the new source found to get paclitaxel from? |
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| English yew needle (common, fast growing, doesn't kill tree) |
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| how does paclitaxel work? |
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| hinders cell division so cancerous cells won't multiple fast as they normally would |
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| paclitaxel prevents _____ breakdown and binds in a pocket of ______ |
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| microtubule tubulin |
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| name one other more effective drug than paclitaxel? |
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| compound 13a |
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| a tentative idea to explain observations |
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| hypothesis |
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| no numerical info= |
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| qualitative |
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| contains numbers= |
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| quantitative |
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| summarizes a large number of experiments |
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| law |
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| a unifying principle to explain a body of facts and the laws based on them |
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| theory |
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| physical properties can be measured by changing the ______ of a substance |
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| composition |
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| the same substance is present before and after this |
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| a physical change |
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| 3 things that may change in a physical change |
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| 1. physical state 2. gross shape (copper wire flat) 3. shape (cut wood in two) |
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| measures relative energy content of an object |
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| temperature |
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| temperature measures relative _______ of an object |
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| energy content |
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| energy transfers from _____ temp. to ____ temp. |
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| high to low |
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| water freezes... water boils... normal body temp.... |
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| 32F 0C 212F 100C 98.6F 37C |
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| canceling units to get desired units and using numbers and units to check |
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| dimensional analysis |
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| a chemical reaction that a substance can undergo |
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| chemical property |
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| reactant atoms rearrange into different substances |
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| chemical reaction |
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| the capacity to do work or make something happen |
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| energy |
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| two or more substances in the same phase that are completely uniform |
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| homogeneous |
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| properties in one region differ from the properties in another region (microscope may be needed) |
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| heterogeneous mixture |
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| mixtures can be separated by _______ methods |
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| physical |
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| most substances are ______ |
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| compounds |
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| 2+ atoms from 2+ elements is what |
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| a compound |
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| compounds have a specific _______ and ______ |
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| composition and properties |
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| what cannot be decomposed into new substances |
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| elements |
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| objects can be seen, measured and handled without aids |
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| macroscale |
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| objects can be seen with a microscope |
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| microscale |
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| objects have dimensions |
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| nanoscale |
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| mega= |
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| 10^6 |
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| kilo= |
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| 10^3 |
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| deci= |
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| 10^-1 |
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| centi= |
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| 10^-2 |
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| milli= |
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| 10^-3 |
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| micro= |
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| 10^-6 |
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| nano= |
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| 10^-9 |
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| pico= |
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| 10^-12 |
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| matter consists of tiny particles in constant motion |
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| kinetic-molecular theory |
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| all matter is made up of extremely small atoms |
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| atomic theory |
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| all atoms of a given element are chemically _______ |
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| identical |
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| atoms are not _______, _____ or ______ during a chemical reaction |
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| created, destroyed, or converted into other kinds of atoms |
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| more than how many elements are currently known? |
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| 114 |
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| how many elements occur naturally on earth? |
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| 90 |
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| most elements are what? |
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| metals |
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| name 4 properties of metals |
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| solid (except Hg) conduct electricity ductile (draw into wires) malleable (roll into sheets) |
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| two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist |
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| allotrope |
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| name three allotropes of carbon? |
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| .Graphite, charcoal, and diamond |
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| this shows the number and types of atoms in a molecule or relative ratio of the atoms in a compound |
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| chemical formula |
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| how reactants convert into products |
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| chemical equations |
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| 2 properties of nonmetals |
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| occur in all states do not conduct electricity |
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| what is the one and only nonmetal that conducts electricity |
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| graphite |
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| exhibit metallic and nonmetallic properties |
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| metalloids |
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| what do metalloids look like? |
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| metals (shiny) |
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| when it comes to electricity, metalloids are what |
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| semiconductors; do conduct electricity, but not as well as metals |
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| most _____ elements form molecules |
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| non-metal |
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| all compounds are ____ but not all _____ are compounds |
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| molecules |
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| all compounds are ____ but not all _____ are compounds |
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| molecules |
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| diatomic molecules |
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| Br.I.N.Cl.H.O.F. |
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| 3 polyatomic molecules |
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| O3, S8, P4 |
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| different forms of elements with the same T, P, and phase |
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| allotropes |
