question

What are electrons?

answer

Negatively charged subatomic particles that exist on the outside of the nuclei of atoms

question

What was Dalton's Atomic Theory?

answer

1) All elements are composed of tiny invisible particles called atoms.
2) Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element.

question

Define protons.

answer

Positively charged subatomic particles located inside the nucleus of an atom. They have the same mass as neutrons.

question

Define neutrons.

answer

Subatomic particles with no charge whatsoever, but with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton. They too are located inside the nucleus of an atom.

question

Which scientist tested a theory of atomic structure using alpha particles and a sheet of gold foil?

answer

Ernest Rutherford in 1911.

question

What is the atomic number?

answer

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.

question

What is the mass number?

answer

The total number of protons and electrons in an atom.

question

What are isotopes?

answer

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

question

How much is one amu?

answer

1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.

question

How much is one amu?

answer

1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.

question

Define atomic mass.

answer

The weighted average f the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element.

question

What is the periodic table?

answer

The periodic table is an arragement

question

What is a chemical formula?

answer

A formula which shows the kinds of numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance.

question

What is a molecular formula?

answer

A formula which shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of a compound.

question

Define formula unit.

answer

The lowest whole-number ratio of ions in the compound.

question

State the Law of Definite Proportions

answer

In samples of any chemical compound, the mases of the elements are always in the same proportions.

question

State the Law of Multiple Proportions

answer

Whenever two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.

question

What are monatomic ions?

answer

Ions that consist of only one atom. The charges can be determined through the periodic table.

question

Define polyatomic ions.

answer

Tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge.

question

H₂PO₄^-

answer

Dihydrogen Phosphate

question

C₂H₃O₂^-

answer

Acetate

question

HSO₃^-

answer

Hydrogen Sulfite

question

HSO₄^-

answer

Hydrogen Sulfate

question

HCO₃^-

answer

Hydrogen Carbonate

question

NO₂^-

answer

Nitrite

question

NO₃^-

answer

Nitrate

question

CN^-

answer

Cyanide

question

OH^_-

answer

Hydroxide

question

MnO₄^-

answer

Permanganate

question

ClO^-

answer

Hypochlorite

question

ClO₂^-

answer

Chlorite

question

ClO₃^-

answer

Chlorate

question

ClO₄^-

answer

Perchlorate

question

HPO₄^2-

answer

Hydrogen Phosphate

question

C₂O₄^2-

answer

Oxalate

question

SO₃^2-

answer

Sulfite

question

SO₄^2-

answer

Sulfate

question

CO₃^2-

answer

Carbonate

question

CrO₄^2-

answer

Chromate

question

Cr₂O₇^2-

answer

Dichromate

question

SiO₃^2-

answer

Silicate

question

PO₃^3-

answer

Phosphite

question

PO₄^3-

answer

Phosphate

question

NH₄⁺

answer

Ammonium

question

List the prefixes used to name Binary Molecular Compounds starting with "Mono" for 1.

answer

Mono - 1
Di - 2
Tri - 3
Tetra - 4
Penta - 5
Hexa - 6
Hepta - 7
Octa - 8
Nona - 9
Deca - 10

question

HCl

answer

Hydrochloric Acid

question

H₂SO₄

answer

Sulfuric Acid

question

HNO₃

answer

Nitric Acid

question

HC₂H₃O₂

answer

Acetic Acid

question

H₃PO₄

answer

Phosphoric Acid

question

H₂CO₃

answer

Carbonic Acid

question

Define a mole.

answer

A mole is a unit of meausrement like a dozen, which represents 6.02x10²³ representative particles of a substance

question

What is Avagadro's number?

answer

6.02x10²³

question

What is the Gram Atomic Mass (gam)?

answer

The atomic mass of an element expressed in grams.

question

Gram formula mass (gfm)

answer

The mass of one mole of an ionic compound.

question

Define Molar Mass

answer

The mass (in grams) of one mole of the substance

question

What is the molar volume of a gas (at STP)?

answer

22.4L

question

Define Percent Composition.

answer

The relative amounts of each element in a compound.

Or by the percent by mass of each element in a compound.

question

What is the use of the Empirical Formula?

answer

It gives the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms of the elements in a compound.

question

How do you determine the molecular formula from the empirical formula?

answer

Ensure that you have the empirical formula, and its molar mass.
Determine the Empirical Formula Mass (efm), by finding the molar mass of the empirical formula.
Divide the molar mass by the Empirical Formula Mass.
Multiply the subscripts of the empirical formula by that number.

question

What are reactants?

answer

The substanes on the left hand side of a chemical equation.

question

What are products?

answer

The substances on the right hand side of the chemical equation.

question

What happens in a combination reaction?

answer

Two or more substances combine to become a single substance. The reactants are either two elements or two compounds.

question

What happens in a decomposition reaction?

answer

A single compound is broken down into two or more products. They can be any combination of elements and compounds.

question

What happens in a single replacement reaction?

answer

One element replaces a second element in a compound. (A.K.A. Single Displacement). Whether or not one element will replace another one is determined by the activity series of metals table.

question

What happens in a double replacement reaction?

answer

Double replacement reactions involve an exchange of positive ions between two reacting compounds.

One of the following rules must be true for this type of reaction to occur:
One product is only slightly soluble and precipitates from solution.
One product is a gas that bubbles out of the mixture.
One product is a molecular compound such as water.

question

What happens in a combustion reaction?

answer

An element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy as heat and light. These reactions commonly include hydrocarbons, compounds of hyrdrogen and carbon.

O₂ will always be a reactant.

question

Define Valence Electrons

answer

Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atoms

question

State the octet rule.

answer

In forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas. An octet is a set of eight.

question

What are electron dot structures?

answer

Electron dot structures are diagrams that illustrate valence electrons as dots.

question

What are ionic bonds?

answer

The forces of attraction that bind cations and anions (oppositely charged ions)

question

What is a single covalent bond?

answer

A bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons.

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