CORE CONCEPTS – Flashcards

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FACTORS THAT REDUCE BIOAVAILABILITY
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1. INCOMPLETE DISSOLUTION

2.INCOMPLETE ABSORPTION THRU EPITHELIA

3.BYPASSING ABSORPTIVE AREA

4.PRE-SYSTEMIC METABOLISM

5.CHEMICAL DEGRADATION

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DRUG FUNC GRPS SUSCEPTIBLE TO OXIDATION
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PHENOLS

POLYUNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS

CATECHOLS

THIOLS

TERTIARY AMINES

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DRUG FUNC GRPS SUSCEPTIBLE TO HYDROLYSIS
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LACTAMS

LACTONES

AMIDES

ESTERS

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THESE ACT AS BUFFERS ANTIOXIDANTS CHELATORS FLOCULATING AGENTS
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CITRATE
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THESE ARE MOSTLY FOR GELLING POLYMERS SUSPENDING, VISCOSITY MODIFIER
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CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES
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tHESE MAINTAIN STABILITY IN DRUGS SUSCEPTIBLE TO OXIDATION
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ANTIOXIDANTS
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FOR MULTI USE DRUGS SUSCEPTIBLE TO MICROBIAL GROWTH
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PRESERVATIVES
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CAN CHANGE A SOLVENT'S POLARITY TO BETTER MATCH A DRUGS POLARITY AND IMPROVE SOLUBILITY
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COSOLVENTS
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HELPS SOLUBILIZE RXX, ADSORBS AT INTERFACE OF 2 PHASES
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SURFACTANTS
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Preservatives
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·         Benzalkonium chloride (BAC)

·         Polyquad or polyquaternium 1

·         Thimerosal

·         Chlorobutanol 0.5%

·         Oxidants 1) sodium perborate 2) purite or stabilized oxcychloro  complex

parabens, benzoic acid, benzalkonium chloride 

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SUSPENDING AGENTS
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·         Microcrystalline cellulose

carboxymethycellulose

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BUFFERS
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·         acetate

·         acetic acid

·         phosphate

·         citrate

·         borate

·         monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate (buffer combination)

phosphates, citrates, NaOH, HCl

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TONICITY MODIFIERS
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·         NaCl

·         Mannitol (also cooling agent)

dextrose

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Viscosity modifierS 
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·         glycerin

·         cellulose derivatives like hydroxyethylcellulose

·         polyvinyl alcohol

·         PEGs

carbomer

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Antioxidants
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·         sodium metabisulfites

sulfites, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, BHA (butylated hydroxyl anisole)

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CHELATOR
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EDTA
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Surfactants
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·         Polysorbate or Tween 80

·         Tyloxapol

·         Oleic acid

·         Soya lecithin

·         Povidone

polysorbates, phospatidylcholines, Cremophor

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Gelling Agents to increase viscosity 
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·         EDTA disodium

·         Carbomer 934p

Hypromellose

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Cosolvents
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·         Ethanol

·         Glycerin

 

·         Propylene glycol

ethanol, glycerin/glycerol, propylene glycol, PEG 400

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ANION SALTS ARE USED WITH _____
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BASIC DRUGS

 

HCl

MESYLATE

SUCCINATE

CITRATE

MALEATE

TARTRATE

SULFATE

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ACIDIC DRUGS ARE USED WITH______
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CATIONS

 

SODIUM

POTASSIUM

CALCIUM

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Periodontal
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·         Atridox

·         Arestin

Actisite

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INTRAVAGINAL
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   CERVIDIL(SWELLABLE MATRIX)




Nuvaring

Estring

(vaginal rings)

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INTRUTERINE
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MIRENA
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INTRAVITREAL
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VITRASERT
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Iontophoresis or electrotransport
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ZECUITY (SUMATRIPTAN)

IONYSYS (PT CONTROLLED FENTANYL)

 

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TRANSDERMAL (Adhesive Matrix)
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·         Nitro-Dur

·         Minitran

·         Climara(7 DAY PATCH)

·         Testoderm(APPLIED TO SCROTUM)

·         Duragesic(FENTANYL)

·         Daytrana (METHYLPHENIDATE)

·         Ortho Evra (Q 7 DAYS FOR 3 WKS, THEN 7 DAYS OFF)

·         Lidoderm (POST HERPETIC NEURALGIA)

Flector (DICLOFENAC)

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TRANSDERMAL


MEMBRANE CONTROLLED RESERVOIR

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·         Transderm-nitro

·         Estraderm

·         Androderm

Testoderm 

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TRANSDERMAL



MEMBRANE-MATRIX HYBRID

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CATAPRESS TTS

 

 

TRANSDERM SCOP(SCOPOLAMINE---BEHIND EAR)

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Ion exchange systems uses Pennkinetic system
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TUSSIONEX SUSP

 

DELSYM SUSP

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ADDED TO ADJUST pH OF DRUG TO OPTIMIZE SOLUBILITY
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BUFFERS
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