Exambusters Chemistry Study Cards 1 – Flashcards

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Scientific Notation
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A number expressed as A x 10^B
A is between 1.00 and 9.99, and B is an integer
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Energy
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The ability to do work; it is released or absorbed during chemical reactions in the form of heat, light, electricity. units: calorie, Joule; 1 cal = 4.18 J
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Matter
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A substance that occupies space and has mass.
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Weight
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Measures gravitational force. Varies slightly on Earth, and significantly elsewhere.
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Potential Energy
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Energy due to position or stored energy
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy of motion
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Mass
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The amount of matter. Never varies
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Degree of Uncertainty
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Depends on the skill of the person doing the measuring and the limitations of the measuring instrument. The last significant figure in a measurement is always uncertain.
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Absolute zero
give in Kelvin, Celsius
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Lowest possible temperature where all atomic motion ceases.
0 K
-273 degrees C
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Express:
100 grams
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1 hectogram
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Express:
1/10 liter
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1 deciliter
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Express:
1000 meters
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1 kilometer
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Express:
0.001 grams
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1 milligram
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Metric abbreviation:
decigram
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dg
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Metric abbreviation:
kiloliter
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kL
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Metric abbreviation:
hectoliter
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hm
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Metric abbreviation:
milligram
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mg
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Metric system unit for:
mass
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gram
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Metric system unit for:
volume
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liter
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Metric system unit for:
length
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meter
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Metric system unit for:
time
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second
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Rules for multiplication of numbers in scientific notation.
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Multiply the first numbers and add the exponents.
(3 X 10^5)(2 X 10^3) = 6 X 10^8
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Rules for division of numbers in scientific notation.
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Divide the first numbers and subtract the exponents.
(8 x 10^6)/(2 x 10^10) = 4 x 10^-4
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Metric symbol:
gram
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g
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Metric symbol:
meter
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m
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Metric symbol:
liter
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L
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Freezing point of water in Celsius
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0
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Freezing point of water in Kelvin
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273
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Freezing point of water in Fahrenheit
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32
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Boiling point of water in Celsius
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100
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Boiling point of water in Kelvin
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373
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Boiling point of water in Fahrenheit
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212
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Metric prefix for:
0.1
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deci
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Metric prefix for:
0.01
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centi
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Metric prefix for:
0.001
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milli
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Metric prefix for:
0.000000001
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nano
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State the volume and mass of water at 4 °C
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This is the point of Maximum density

 

1 g occupies 1 cm3

 

1 L = 1 kg

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Metric prefix for: 1,000,000
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mega
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Metric prefix for: 1000
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kilo
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Metric prefix for: 100
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hecto
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Metric prefix for: 10
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deka
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Metric system unit for:
temperature
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Kelvin or Celsius
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Metric system unit for:
electric current
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ampere
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Metric system unit for:
amount of a substance
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mole
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Conversion factors:
feet to inches
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1 ft = 12 in
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Conversion factors:
kilogram to grams
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1 kg = 1000 gm
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Conversion factors:
miles to kilometers
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1 mile = 1.61 Km
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Convert degree Celsius to Kelvin
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K = degree C + 273
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Convert from scientific notation: 1.23 X 104
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12300
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Convert from scientific notation: 6 X 10-3
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0.006
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Metric symbol: seconds
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s
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Metric symbol: Celsius
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 °C
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Metric symbol: Kelvin
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K
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Metric symbol: moles
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mol
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Metric symbol: amperes
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a
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Convert to scientific notation: 695
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6.95 X 102
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Convert to scientific notation: 0.04
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4.0 X 10-2
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Convert to scientific notation: 3000
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3.0 X 103
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Use conversion factors to solve: How many kilograms in 2000 grams?
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(2000 g)(1 kg/1000 g) = 2 kg
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Use conversion factors to solve: How many feet in 60 inches
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(60 ") (1'/12") = 5 feet
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How many significant digits? 300
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1
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How many significant digits? 0.0020
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2
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How many significant digits? 4006
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4
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How many significant digits? 5.00
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3
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Precision
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reliability or reproducibility of a measurement
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Accuracy
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how close a measurement comes to the accepted value
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Significant digit rules.
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Digits measured
All non-zero digits
Zero unless they are placeholders
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