Chemistry Final Exam Definitions – Flashcards
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| Which two conditions can "physiologically" elevate serum alkaline phosphatase? |
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| Growth, third trimester of pregnancy |
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| In the liver, bilirubin is converted to |
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| Bilirubin diglucuronide |
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| Calculate the creatinine clearance |
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| CrCl= [Ucrea]/[SerumCrea] x volume/ (hours x 60) corrected for BSA: CrCl x 1.73/bsa = |
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| AST and ALT are both elevated in which of the following disesae |
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| viral hepatitis |
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| Calcium concentration in the serum is regulated by |
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| PTH |
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| Blood PCO2 may be measured by |
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| calculation of blood pH and total CO2 concentration |
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| A stimulant that causes localized sweating for a sweat test is |
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| pilocarpine nitrate |
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| In the sweat test, the sweating stimulant is introduced to the skin by application of |
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| an electric current |
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| Most of the carbon dioxide present in the blood is in the form of |
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| bicarbonate ion |
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| The degree to which the kidney concentrated the glomerular filtrate can be determined by |
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| urine to serum osmalality ratio |
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| A physician suspects his patient has pancreatitis, which tests would be most indicative of this disease? |
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| amylase |
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| Lab results consistent with Respiratory acidosis |
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| decreased pH, increased PCO2 |
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| Lab results consistent with Respiratory alkalosis |
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| increased pH, increased pCO2 |
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| Lab results consistent with Metabolic acidosis |
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| decreased pH, normal PCO2 |
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| Lab results consistent with Metabolic alkalosis |
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| increased pH, normal PCO2 |
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| Assay of transketolase activity in blood is used to detect deficiency in |
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| thiamine |
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| The most sensitive enzymatic indicator for liver damage from ethanol intake is |
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| gamma-glutamyl transferase |
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| Slight increase in Alkaline phosphate and GGT, marked increase in aminotransferase and AST |
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| acute hepatitis |
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| Slight increase in Aminotransferase and AST, marked increase in GGT and ALP |
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| obstructive jaundice |
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| slight increase in ALK, aminotransferase, GGT, and ASP |
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| chronic hepatitis |
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| kernicterus is an abnormal accumulation of bilirubin in |
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| brain tissue |
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| serum anion gap is increased in patients with |
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| lactic acidosis |
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| The buffering capacity of blood is maintained by a reversible exchange process between bicarbonate and |
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| chloride |
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| Which of the following electrolytes is the cheif plasma cation whose main function is maintaining osmotic pressure |
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| sodium |
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| a reciprocal relationship exists between |
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| calcium and phosphorus |
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| at pH 7.40 what is the ratio between bicarbonate and carbonic acid |
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| 20:1 pKa = 6.1 (known) pKa = pH - log (acid/base) 6.1 = 7.4 - log x 1.3 = log x 10^1.3 = 20/1 = 20:1 |
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| acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 content due to |
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| bicarbonate buffer |
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| a common cause of respiratory alkalosis is |
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| hyperventilation |
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| Metabolic acidosis is described as an |
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| decrease in CO2 and PCO2 and decrease in pH |
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| respiratory acidosis is described as an |
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| increase in CO2 and decrease in pH |
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| unless blood gas measurement are made immediately after sampling, in vitro glycolysis of the blood causes |
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| fall in pH and rise in PCO2 |
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| a hospitalized patient is experiencing increased tetany. which of the following tests should be ordered |
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| calcium |
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| in the jaffe reaction, creatinine reacts with |
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| alkaline picrate solution to yeild an orange-red complex |
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| bile acid concentrations are useful to assess |
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| hepatobiliary disease |
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| the greatest activities of serum AST and ALT are seen in |
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| acute hepatitis |
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| BeriBeri is associated with a deficiency in |
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| thiamine |
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| Night blindness is associated with deficiency of which of the following vitamins |
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| A |
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| Scurvy is associated with a deficiency in Vitamin |
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| C |
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| Pellagra is associated with a deficiency in vitamin |
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| niacin |
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| Rickets is associated with deficiency in |
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| vitamin D |
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| in which of the following disease states is conjugated bilirubin a major serum component |
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| biliary obstruction |
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| The creatinine clearance (mL/min) is equal to: |
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| [urinary creatinine x volume]/ plasma creatinine |
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| Henderson-Hasselbalch equation |
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| pH = pKa + log (salt/acid) |
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| a K level of 6.8 mEg/L, what is the first step? |
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| check for hemolysis |
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| specimens for blood gas determination should be drawn into a syringe containing |
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| heparin |
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| a patient suspected of having metabolic alkalosis would have which of the following laboratory findings |
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| Co2 and pH increased |
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| which of the following is most likely to be ordered in addition to serum calcium to determine the cause of tetany |
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| magnesium |
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| arterial blood is exposed to room air, which changes occur |
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| elevated PO2, decreased PCO2 and elevated pH |
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| a patient with glomerulonephritis would present with the following serum results |
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| increased BUN |
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| most automated blood gas analyzers directly measure |
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| pH, PCO2, and PO2 |
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| a pH of 7.0 represents a H+ concentration of |
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| 100 nmol/L |
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| a patient is admitted to the ER in a state of metabolic alkalosis, which of the following would be consistent with this diagnosis? |
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| high TCO2 and increased HCO3 |
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| what substance gives feces its normal color? |
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| urobilin |
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| in monitoring Glomerular function, which of the following test has the highest sensitivity? |
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| creatinine clearance |
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| urobilinogen is formed in the |
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| intestine |
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| Method for bilrubin measurement |
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| Jendrassik Grof method |
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| the most specific enzyme for acute pancreatitis is |
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| lipase |
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| in respiratory acidosis, a compensortory mechanism is the increase in |
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| plasma bicarbonate concentration |
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| best assay to diagnose coma due to hepatic failure |
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| ammonia |
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| serum concentration of B12 are elevated in patients with |
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| chronic granulocytic leukemia |
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| characteristics of malabsorption syndrome due to pancreatic insufficiency include |
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| fecal fat greater than 10 g/day |
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| in acute pancreatitis, the relative increase in urinary amylase activity is greater than that of serum amylase activity because |
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| there is an increased renal clearance of amylase |
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| in which of the following conditions does decreased activity of glucuronyl transferase result in increased unconjugated bilirubin and kernicterus in neonates |
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| Crigler-Najjar syndrome |
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| a blood creatinine value of 5 mg/dL is most likely to be found with which of the following blood values? |
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| urea nitrogen 80 mg/dL |
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| an emphysema patient suffering from fluids accumuation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in what metabolic state? |
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| respiratory acidosis |
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| of which of the following disease, which one is associated with the greatest elevation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme I |
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| b12 deficiency |
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| the expected blood gas results from a patient in renal failure would match the pattern of |
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| metabolic acidosis |
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| the most important buffer pair in plasma is |
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| bicarb/carbonic acid |
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| severe diarrhea causes |
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| metabolic acidosis |
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| the test that evaluates renal tubular function |
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| osmolarity |
