Flashcards for Chapter 3 in Chemistry
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| What is a chemical property? |
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| the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances |
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| What is a chemical change? |
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| a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances, also called a chemical reaction |
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| What is a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material? |
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| chromatography |
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| What is crystallization? |
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| a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance |
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| What is a compound? |
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| a chemical combination of two or more different elements; can be broken down into simpler substances be chemical means and has properties different from thore of its component elements |
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| What is distillation? |
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| a technique that can be used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances |
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| What is an element? |
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| A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means |
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| What is the extensive property? |
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| A physical property, such as mass, length , and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present |
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| What is a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid? |
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| filtration |
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| What is a gas? |
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| a form of matter that has no definite shape and no definite volume |
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| What is a heterogeneous mixture? |
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| a mixture that does not have a uniform compostition and in which the individual substances remain distinct |
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| What is a homogeneous mixture? |
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| a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution |
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| What is the intensive property? |
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| a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present |
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| What is the law of conservation of mass? |
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| states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical raction, but is conserved |
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| What is the law of definite proportions? |
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| states that, regardless, of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion |
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| What is a liquid? |
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| a form of matter that has only definite volume, but no definite shape. It takes the shape of its container |
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| What is a mixture? |
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| a physical bond of two or more pure substances retains in any proportion in which each substance retains its individual properties; can be separated by physical means |
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| What is the periodic table? |
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| a chart that organizes all known elements into a grid of horizontal rows(periods) and vertical rows(groups/families) arranged by increasing atomic number |
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| What is percent by mass? |
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| a percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound |
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| What is a phase change? |
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| a transistion of matter from one state to another |
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| What is a physical change? |
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| a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not chang3e its composition |
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| What is a physical property? |
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| a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition. Ex-density, color, taste, hardness, melting point, etc. |
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| What is a solid? |
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| a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume |
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| What is a solution? |
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| a uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture |
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| What are states of matter? |
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| the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth-most commonly as a solid, a liquid, or a gas |
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| What is a vapor? |
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| a gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature |
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| What is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change? |
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| a chemical change causes a new composition to be formed which changes the substance's properties while a physical change does not cause a change in properties because the composition stays the same. |
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| What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties? |
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| Intensive property=a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present, Extensive property=a physical property that depends on the amount of substance present |
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| What is the difference between a mixture and a pure substance? |
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| a mixture is two or more substances that are combined together but still retain their chemical properties, while a pure substance is one substance that is not combined with any other substance |
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| What is the difference between a compound and a mixture? |
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| a compound is a pure substance made up of 2 or more different elements that are chemically combined, while a mixture is 2 or more substances that are combined but retain their individual chemical properties |
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| What are the 5 ways to separate mixtures? |
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| Filtration, Distillation, Crystallization, Sublimation, and Chromataography |
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| What is Sublimation? |
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| the process where a solid changes to a vapor without becoming a liquid or visa versa |
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| What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous one? |
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| Homogeneous looks the same throughout, Heterogeneous-you can see the different substances |
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| What is the difference between a compound and an element? |
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| a compound is 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded, while an element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means |
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| What is the difference between the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions? |
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| The law of definite proportions says that 1 compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion like HO, while the law of multiple proportions says that 2 or more compounds can be made using the same elements in different proportions like HO and H2O |
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| What is the formula for Percent by mass? |
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% of mass=mass of element x100 mass of compound |
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| Who first developed the periodic table? |
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| Dmitri Mendeleev |
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| What do elements in the same goup/family have in common? |
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| similar physical and chemical properties |
