Nuclear Energy Unit One Test – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
John Dalton
answer
Thought up the Solid Sphere Model.  It could not be divided.
question
Proton
answer
  • Located in the nucleus
  • Atomic mass of 1
  • Positive Charge
question
Electron
answer
  • Located in circulation around the nucleus
  • Has almost no atomic mass
  • Negative Charge
question
Neutron
answer
  • Located in the nucleus
  • Atomic mass of 1
  • Nuetral charge (no charge)
question
Atomic Number
answer
Number of protons in an atom
question
Atomic Mass
answer

Mass of protons and neutrons

 

Example: 

3 protons

+

7 neutrons

=

Atomic mass of  10

question

How do you use the periodic table?

 Example:

1

H

Hydrogen

1.00794

answer

1           <----Atomic Number

H                        <----Symbol

Hydrogen                         <----Name

1.00794   <----Average Atomic Mass

question
Isotope
answer
  • Different forms of an element
  • Different isotopes contain different numbers of neutrons
question
Average Atomic Mass
answer
Average mass from a series of samples
question

Calculating Average Atomic Mass

Example:

Carbon 12:  98.9%

Carbon 14:  1.1%

answer

98.9% * 12 / 100 = 11.868

1.1% * 14 / 100 = .154

 

11.868 + .154 = 12.022

 

Average Atomic Mass = 12.022amu

question
Ionizing Radiation
answer
  • Radiation made up of particles (matter)
  • Alpha and Beta radiation
question
Electromagnetic Radiation
answer
  • Radiation sent out in waves
  • Gamma radiation
question

Calculating Alpha (α) Decay

Example:

 

Pu240 94

answer
  • Top number: Atomic Mass
  • Bottom Number: Atomic Number
  • Alpha decay causes atoms to lose 2 neutrons and 2 protons
  • Answer:

Pu240 94 ----α----> U23692 + He42

question

Calculating Beta (β) Decay

Example:

 

 Po20984

answer
  • Beta decay causes neutrons to lose their electron.
  • This leaves only the proton
  • Atomic Mass doesn't change, but the Atomic number goes up

Answer

Po20984 ---β---> At20985 + β0-1

question

Gamma Ray Radiation

 

Example:

Rn22286

answer
  • No particles are disturbed during gamma ray radiation
  • There is only a loss of energy

Answer:

Rn22286---γ---> Rn22286 + γ 00

question
Half Life
answer
  • Amount of time it takes for 50% of a sample to decay into something else
  • Once half is gone, the remaining portion is cut by half, and so on
  • 1 --> ½ --> ¼ --> etc.

Link to see what half life looks like:

http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Extension/gifs/halflife.gif

question
Nuclear Fission
answer
The splitting of an atom
question
Chain Reaction
answer

When a fast moving neutron hits an atom's nucleus, the nucleus splits and releases 3

neutrons that in turn will hit the nuclei of 3 other atoms

 

Example Link:

http://www.planetseed.com/files/uploadedimages/Science/Earth_Science/Global_Climate_Change_and_Energy/Related_Articles/nuclear1(2).jpg

question

Enriched Uranium

How much is needed in nuclear bombs? Power plants?

answer
  • Uranium that is filtered to a specific amount of U-235 , the rare isotope
  • Bombs require at least 80% enriched uranium
  • Power Plants require 2-3% at most
question
Control Rods
answer
  • Movable
  • Absorb neutrons released by fission
  • Slow down reaction
question
Moderator
answer
  • Absorb heat from reaction
  • Usually graphite
  • Slow down neutrons
question
Fuel Rods
answer
  • Contain 2.5cm pellets of uranium
  • Spent nuclear fuel is a problem because it is still radioactive (emits α, β, and γ radiation)
question
Pros of Nuclear Power
answer

Some examples:

  1. No greenhouse gases
  2. Needs very little uranium
  3. Large uranium deposits in Canada and Australia
  4. A single power plant creates huge amounts of energy
question
Cons of Nuclear Power
answer

Some Answers:

  1. Radioactive Waste
  2. Not much uranium in the world
  3. Safety risks to the general public:
  4. Potential radiation exposure or explosion (melt down) if there is an accident
question
J. J. Thomson
answer
  • Put magnets on either side of the Cathode Ray tube, found that the ray going through the tube was negatively charged (the ray curved towards the positive magnet)
  • Came up with the plum pudding / chocolate chip cookie model

Site for Cathode Ray Tube Diagram

http://hep.physics.indiana.edu/~hgevans/classes/graphics/em/crt.gif

question
Ernest Rutherford
answer
  • Gold Foil Experiment (Shoots α particles at gold foil.  Most particles go through, some are repelled, others turn completely around)
  • Came up with nuclear and proton models of the atom

Gold Foil Experiment Diagram

http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline/graphic/1911_gfoil_02.jpg

Nuclear Model of the Atom

http://www.faqs.org/docs/qp/images/rfmodel.gif

Proton Model of the Atom

http://www.aplusphysics.com/courses/regents/modern/images/atom_diagram.png

question
Neils Bohr
answer
  • Didn't do many experiments, but had a problem with Rutherford's nuclear model
  • Came up with a solution as to why electrons from nuclear model don't crash into the nucleus: they have a set track!  High energy neutrons are further away from the nucleus, while low energy electrons are close to the nucleus

Solar System Model:

http://wiki.nisk.k12.ny.us/groups/84physicalscience/wiki/4ee4b/images/af20c.gif

Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New