Ochem 15-18 – Flashcards
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The disaccharide sucrose is composed of the monosaccharides
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D-glucose + D-Fructose
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the polysaccharide that is the major glucose storage material in animals is
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glycogen
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What changes take place when D-glucose is reduced
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The aldehyde function group on carbon-1 becomes an alcohol
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the polysaccharide that is the major structural of wood and plants is
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cellulose
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a disaccharide of B-D-galactose a or B-D glucose
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lactose
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carbohydrates which are polymers of many monosaccharide units are called
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polysaccharides
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carbohydrates are produced in the green leaves of plants by the process of
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photosynthesis
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Hydrogenation of glycerol trioleate, a triacylglycerol made from three oleic acids and glycerol converts-->
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the alkene group into an alkane group
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Which statements is true of omega-3 fatty acids
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Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the possibility of blood clots
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Prostaglandin Hormones are-->
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-broken down quickly in the body -potent regulators of inflammation, pain and blood pressure -blocked by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDS)
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What lipid is not an ester
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Steroids
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a lipid that can be used as a waterproofing agent is a
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wax
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Labels on certain foods state that they contain partially hydrogenated unsaturated fats. This means:
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-Hydrogen has been added to some of the double bonds in the fats -there are saturated fats in the product -hydrogen has been added to some of the double bonds in the fats -the product has a higher melting point
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The steroid associated with the development of female characteristics is
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estradiol
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The reaction of glyceryl tripalmitate to produce glycerol and three palmitic acids is
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Hydrolysis
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Saturated fatty acids have
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-long carbon chains with single bonds and a carboxylic acid group -10 to 20 carbon atoms -higher melting points that unsaturated fatty acids
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the polar region of a glycerophospholipid is
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the amino alcohol and phosphate portions
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What differentiates a Glycerophospholipidsfrom triacylglycerol?
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-Glycerophospholipids contain an amino alcohol -Glycerophospholipids are polar -Glycerophospholipidscontain a phosphate group All are true for Glycerophospholipids, but not triacylglycerol
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The high density lipoproteins (HDLs) found in blood plasma
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carry cholesterol from tissues to the liver to be excreted
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Olestra
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-is used as a fat substitute -binds fat-soluble vitamins, depleting them in the body -is an ester of sucrose and several fatty acids that cannot
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Hydrolysis of glyceryl trioleate, a triacylglycerol made from three oleic acids and glycerol
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converts the triaclyglycerol to glycerol and three fatty acids
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a monosaturated fatty acid contains
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one double bond
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a glycerophospholipid is composed of
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glycerol -fatty acids -phosphate group -amino alcohol
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what statement is true about carboxylic acids
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-carboxylic acids are more water soluble -carboxylic acids react with base
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rank the following compounds from most water-soluble to least water-soluble hexane 1-pentanol 2-pentanone butanoic acid
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butanoic acid 1-pentanol 2- pentanone hexane
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The common name of ethanoic acid is
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acetic acid
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Propyl propanoate is
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neither an acid nor a base
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The IUPAC name of the product from the reaction of 1-pentanol and butanoic acid is
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pentyl butanoate
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vinegar contains what compound
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acetic acid
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what is true about ester reactions
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-esterfication reactions are reversible -in an acid hydrolysis of an ester, a carboxylic acid forms -in a base hydrolysis of an ester, a carboxylate forms
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the reaction of a sodium hydroxide and ethyl ethanoate is called
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base hydrolysis (saponification)
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the IUPAC name of the product from the reaction of ethanol and butanoic acid is
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ethyl butanoate
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Physiologically active nitrogen-containing compounds found in plants are called
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alkaloids
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What are the acid hydrolysis products of N-ethylpentanamide?
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An ammonium ion and a carboxylic acid
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Potassium pentanoate is formed from the reaction of
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N-methylpentanamide and potassium hydroxide N,N-diethylpentanamide and potassium hydroxide N,N,N-triethylpentanamine and potassium hydroxide
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Dimethylammonium bromide could be formed from the reaction o
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dimethylamine and hydrobromic acid
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In general, alkaloids are:
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nitrogen containing. come from plant origins. have characteristics of a base
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N,N,N-trimethylpentanamine would
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have a lower boiling point than methylethylamine.
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Amines and amides have all of the following in common except
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contain a carbonyl group
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When ethanoic acid and methylamine are combined and heated in a flask, the product of the reaction is
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N-methylethanamide
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In water, an amine acts as a
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weak base
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Pyrrolidine, pyrrole and pyrimidine are examples of
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heterocyclic amines
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Amines are present in drugs as amine salts because they
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are soluble in body fluids.
