question

Structural proteins are:

answer

tendons, cartilage, hair, nails

question

Contractile proteins are:

answer

muscles

question

Transport proteins are :

answer

hemoglobin

question

Storage Proteins are :

answer

milk

question

Hormonal Proteins are:

answer

insulin and growth hormone

question

What do enzyme proteins do?

answer

catalyze reactions in cells

question

What do protection proteins do?

answer

immune response

question

What is the basic structure of an AA?

answer

alpha carbon, amino group, carboxy group, and R side chain

question

What determines the properties of amino acids?

answer

its side chain

question

How many naturally occurring AA are there?

answer

20

question

Nonpolar is when the R group is what?

answer

Nonpolar: R = H, CH3, alkyl groups,
aromatic

question

What are your polar R groups?

answer

O
R = –CH2OH, –CH2SH, –CH2C–NH2,
(polar groups with –O-, -SH, -N-)

question

A positive ion has a low/high pH?

answer

low

question

A negative ion has a low/high pH?

answer

high

question

A neutral ion is called what?

answer

zwitterion

question

H3N–CH2–COOH

answer

Positive ion

question

H3N–CH2–COO–

answer

Zwitterion

question

H2N–CH2–COO–

answer

negative ion

question

Zwitterion has both a ?

answer

positive and negative charge

question

H3N–CH2–COO–

answer

zwitterion of glycine

question

NH2–CH2–COOH

answer

glycine

question

What are proteins?

answer

long polypeptide chains

question

What is a polypeptide chain?

answer

less than 40-50 amino acids or residues

question

Polypeptides larger than 40-50 amino acid chains or residues are called what?

answer

proteins

question

The structure, function and general properties of a
protein are all determined by the ?

answer

sequence of amino acids that make up its primary sequence

question

To make a protein, these amino acids are joined together in a polypeptide chain through the formation of a ________ bond

answer

peptide

question

____ is strongly favored over ____.

answer

trans; cis

question

What is the hierarchal nature of protein structure?

answer

1. Primary Structure-amino acid sequence
2. Secondary Structure- alpha helix or beta sheet
3. Tertiary Structure- formed by assembly of secondary structures
4. Quaternary Structure- assembly of more than one polypeptide chain

question

What is the primary structure of protein?

answer

the sequence of amino acids along the polypeptide chain

question

What terminus do you begin and end with when reading or making proteins?

answer

begin with the N, end with the C (right to left)

question

The primary sequence or main chain of the protein must organize itself to form a ______ structure. This is done in an elegant fashion by forming __________ structure elements

answer

compact; secondary

question

The two most common secondary structure elements are _______ _______ and ______ _______, formed by repeating amino acids with the same angles

answer

alpha helices and beta sheets

question

turns, coils, triple helix, etc., are _________ structures?

answer

secondary

question

Alpha helices and beta sheets have regular _________ bonding patterns.

answer

hydrogen

question

Three-dimensional arrangement of amino acids with the polypeptide chain in a corkscrew shape

answer

secondary structure- alpha helix

question

Held by __ bonds between the __ of –N-H group and the __ of C=O of the _______ amino acid along the chain

answer

hydrogen; H; O; 4th

question

High tensile strength
fibrillary proteins due to residues extending outward

answer

alpha helices

question

Polypeptide chains are arranged side by side

answer

secondary beta sheet structure

question

Hydrogen bonds form _________ chains

answer

between

question

R groups of extend above and below

answer

Beta sheets

question

Typical of fibrous proteins such as silk.

answer

beta sheets- secondary structure

question

Beta sheets can be _______ or __________.

answer

parallel or antiparallel

question

What is a triple helix?

answer

secondary structure- three polypeptide chains woven together

question

Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine

answer

triple helix

question

H bonding between –OH groups gives a strong structure

answer

triple helix

question

Typical of collagen, connective tissue, skin, tendons, and cartilage

answer

Triple helix

question

To make the protein look like a protein, the
secondary structure elements come together to
form the tertiary structure-the _________ _______ of the ________.

answer

the overall shape of the protein

question

Cross links between R groups of amino acids in chain

answer

tertiary structure

question

disulfide

answer

-S-S-

question

ionic

answer

–COO– H3N–

question

Hydrogen bonds

answer

HO-

question

–CH3 H3C–

answer

hydrophobic

question

________ proteins then bind together to form dimer, trimers, or higher order structures

answer

folded; quaternary structures

question

The functional form of hemoglobin is a __________.

answer

tetramer

question

The backbone and side chain bonds are all
_______ bonds, but _________ bonds are required to maintain _________, ________, and ________ structures.

answer

covalent; non-covalent; secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

question

Bond types include:

answer

– Hydrogen bonds (H-bonds)
– Electrostatic (ionic)
– van der Waals
- disulfide bonds

question

__________ interactions also predict 3D shape

answer

hydrophobic

question

Pairs of ________ can form _______ bonds between different parts of the main chain.This adds stability
and is common in __________ proteins

answer

cysteines; disulfide; extracellular

question

Hydrophobic interactions are not attractive interactions but results from the inability of water to form __ bonds with certain _____ _______.

answer

Hydrogen; side chains

question

Hydrophobic a.a. residues cluster in _______ of globular proteins

answer

interior

question

Hydrophilic a.a are usually ____________.

answer

towards the surface

question

Some proteins get help from __________ that deal with ________ structure formation.

answer

chaperones; tertiary structure

question

Chaperones assist in protein ________.

answer

folding

question

Chaperones create a _________ environment for the protein.

answer

hydrophilic

question

Protein degradation

answer

ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway

question

Steps in ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway.

answer

1. Ubiquitin (globular protein) attaches to protein to be degraded
2. Polyubiquitinated proteins recognized by
proteasome (proteolytic complex)
3. Proteasome degrades proteins into peptides, then into amino acid precursors for disposal by immune system

question

Disruption of secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structure.

answer

denaturation

question

Forms of protein degradation:

answer

ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway and denaturation

question

What causes denaturation?

answer

1.heat/organics- Break apart H bonds and disrupt hydrophobic attractions
2. acids/ bases- Break H bonds between polar R groups and ionic bonds
3. heavy metal ions- React with S-S bonds to form solids
4. agitation- Stretches chains until bonds break

question

heat/organics- Break apart __ bonds and disrupt _________ attractions

answer

Break apart H bonds and disrupt hydrophobic attractions

question

-acids/ bases- Break H bonds between _________ and _____ bonds

answer

polar R groups; ionic bonds

question

heavy metal ions- React with ____ bonds to form ______.

answer

-S-S-; solids

question

Agitation- _________ chains until they break.

answer

stretches

question

Hard boiling an egg
1. Cooking food to destroy E. coli
2. Heat used to cauterize blood vessels
3. Autoclave sterilizes instruments
4. Milk heated to make yogurt

answer

Denaturation

question

misfolded proteins can aggregate to form beta- pleated fibrils

answer

Amyloidopathies

question

Accumulation of misfolded proteins in tissues causes:

answer

amyloids

question

Example of Amyloidopathies?

answer

Alzheimers disease

question

_______ can change the conformation of other proteins.

answer

prions

question

example of prion disease:

answer

mad cow disease

Proteins and Amino Acids – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards