ASTR 103 Ch 3 Quizes – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
The names of the seven days of the week are based on the
answer
Seven naked-eye objects that appear to move among the constellations
question
By the late 1600s, science and technology in China fell behind that of Europe. Many historians believe that this happened because
answer
A culture of secrecy discouraged broad collaborative efforts
question
The path that led to modern science emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world?
answer
The Mediterranean and the Middle East
question
How did Eratosthenes estimate the size of Earth in 240 BC?
answer
By comparing the maximum altitude of the Sun in 2 cities at different latitudes
question
Which of the following was NOT observed by Galileo?
answer
Stellar parallax Galileo DID observe: -craters on the Moon -phases of Venus -sunspots -Jupiter's moons
question
How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets?
answer
It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around Earth
question
During the Dark Ages in Europe, the scientific work of the ancient Greeks was preserved and further developed primarily by scholars in
answer
Baghdad
question
The controversial book of this famous person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggested that Earth and other planets orbit the Sun
answer
Copernicus
question
He discovered that the orbits of planets are ellipses
answer
Kepler
question
Which one follows directly from Kepler's third law?
answer
Venus orbits the Sun at a slower average speed than Mercury
question
Kepler's second law, which states that as a planet moves around its orbit it sweeps out equal areas in equal times, means that
answer
A planet travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun and slower when it is farther from the Sun
question
One of the "nails in the coffin" for Earth-centered universe was
answer
Galileo's observations of the moons of Jupiter
question
Ptolemy was important in the history of astronomy because he
answer
Developed a model of the solar system that made sufficiently accurate predictions of planetary positions to remain in use for many centuries
question
The names of the 7 days of the week are derived from the names of members of the solar system that are visible to the naked-eye
answer
TRUE
question
The Ptolemaic model of the solar system was useless for predicting planetary positions
answer
FALSE -predicted planets locations accepted as accurate for centuries
question
Copernicus was the first person to suggest a Sun-centered universe
answer
FALSE -?????
question
Copernicus' model of the solar system gave much better predictions than the model of Ptolemy
answer
FALSE -complicated Alfonsine tables (Ptolemaic)
question
In the Ptolemaic system, Venus should not show gibbous and full phases
answer
TRUE -Galileo noticed Venus' phases
question
Galileo found "imperfections" on the Sun in the form of sunspots, and "imperfections" on the Moon in the form of mountains and valleys
answer
TRUE
question
It is possible for science as a whole to be objective despite the fact that all individual scientists have biases and beliefs
answer
TRUE
question
Scientific thinking developed only in the past few decades
answer
FALSE
question
Scientific theories can NEVER be proven beyond all doubt
answer
TRUE
question
A scientific model must make testable predictions
answer
TRUE
question
Astronomy and astrology were often practiced together in ancient cultures, and astrology played an important role in the historical development of astronomy
answer
TRUE
question
Nonscientific practices that make no claims about how the natural world works do not conflict with science
answer
TRUE
question
Process of science: I am doing science when I already know the answer to my scientific question and I am searching in the natural world strictly to support what I believe
answer
FALSE
question
Process of science: If any single test of a scientific hypothesis contradicts it, the hypothesis must be revised or discarded
answer
TRUE
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New