Exhaust Gas Filter for Mufflers with Coconut Essay Example
Exhaust Gas Filter for Mufflers with Coconut Essay Example

Exhaust Gas Filter for Mufflers with Coconut Essay Example

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  • Pages: 12 (3287 words)
  • Published: December 29, 2017
  • Type: Laboratory Work
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Pollution is one of the major problems of our country. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment.

One of the causes is the exhaust gases emitted by vehicles. These gases are particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (Has), nitrogen oxides (Knox), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (ASS), hazardous air pollutants and greenhouse gases.

Some of these gases like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides can be adsorbed by coconut fibers. Coconut fibers have a lot of pores that could actually trap the exhausted or emitted gases of vehicles. Activated carbon Is also a material used to filter harmful chemicals from contaminated water and air. I

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t is composed of black granules of coal, wood, nutshells or other carbon-rich materials.

As contaminated water or air flows through activated carbon, the contaminants stick to the surface of the granules and are removed from the water or air.

Granular activated carbon (GAG) can treat a wide range of contaminant vapors. Known to be an effective activated carbon, rice hull was used In studies that Include the aforementioned sample. Because of the problems In the environment and the availability of the samples that can solve It, this encouraged the researchers to invent an exhaust gas filter with coconut fibers and granular activated carbon from rice hull.

Statement of the Problem The main objective of the study Is to determine the feasibility of the exhaust gas filter for mufflers with coconut husk and the granular activated carbon from rice hull. Pacifically, To determine the

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amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide by the vehicle's muffler with the exhaust gas filter. To determine the significant preference between the amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide from the muffler with the exhaust gas filter and from the muffler without Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide from the muffler with the exhaust gas filter and from the muffler without the exhaust gas filter.

Significance of the Study This study could provide a significant contribution to the following: Department of Environment and Natural Resources (EDEN) - The results of this study could help this department to reduce the air pollution caused by vehicles. Department of Health VOW) - The results of this study would be a great help to this department because less people would be affected by airborne diseases. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) - The results of this study would make this department focus on studies that would provide solutions to environmental problems.

Community - The results of this study could notify the community to use the exhaust gas filter for mufflers to be invented by the researchers. Future Researchers - The results of this study would provide data for future researchers to help them come up with further tidies regarding the exhaust gas filter for mufflers with coconut fibers and granular Scope and Limitations rhea making of the samples, coconut fibers, and granular activated carbon from rice hull, will be conducted at the Physics Laboratory of Negroes Occidental High School ONIONS), Backlog City.

The invention of the exhaust gas filter will be at the mechanic's shop. The testing

of the feasibility of the exhaust gas filter will be done at the Barge Emission Testing Center, Backlog City. The treatments are Treatment A - muffler with the exhaust gas filter and Treatment B - muffler without the exhaust gas filter. This study is only limited in the invention of exhaust gas filters with the use of coconut fibers and granular activated carbon from rice hulls.

Definition of Terms rhea following terms are defined conceptually and operationally for clarity and understanding: Carbon Monoxide Conceptual - Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas that is formed as a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon or a carbon compound.

Operational - Carbon monoxide is one of the exhaust gases that will be adsorbed by the exhaust gas filter. Coconut Fibers Conceptual - Coconut fibers are the stiff course of fibers from the outer husk of the coconut. Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2013) Operational - The coconut fibers will be used as one of the exhaust gas filter elements. This would adsorb the gases emitted by the vehicle's muffler. Exhaust Gas Filter Conceptual - Exhaust gas filter is a device employed to reduce or eliminate the emission into the atmosphere of substances that can harm the environment or human health. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013) Operational - The exhaust gas filter is a device that will be invented by the researchers and where the samples will be laced.

This will adsorb the exhaust gases emitted by the vehicle's muffler.

Conceptual - Hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon, such as any of those that are the chief components of petroleum and natural gas.  Operational - Hydrocarbon is one of the exhaust

gases that will be adsorbed by the exhaust gas filter. Muffler Conceptual - Muffler is a device to deaden noise; especially, one forming part of the exhaust system of an automotive vehicle. It is where the gases will be exhausted. Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2013) Operational - The muffler is where the exhaust as filter will be attached or connected.

Nitrogen Oxide Conceptual - Nitrogen Oxide is any of several oxides of nitrogen most of which are produced in combustion and are considered to be atmospheric pollutants.  Operational - Nitrogen oxide is one of the exhaust gases that will be adsorbed by the exhaust gas filter. Rice Hull Conceptual - Rice hull is the hard covering of grains of rice. In addition to protecting rice during the growing season, rice hull can be put to use as a building material, fertilizer, insulation material, or fuel. Oxford Dictionary, 2013) Operational - the rice hull will be used as one of the exhaust gas filter elements. This would adsorb the gases emitted by the vehicle's muffler.

Conceptual Framework Independent Variable I Dependent Variable I Amount of Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons and Nitrogen oxide Adsorbed Amount of Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons and Nitrogen oxide Adsorbed Treatment B Muffler without the Exhaust Gas Filter Treatment B Treatment A Muffler with the Exhaust Gas Filter Figure 1 : A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature In this chapter, literature related to the topics under study are being presented. These topics have helped the researchers gather more ideas and concepts about their study. Though these studies vary in nature, scope, methodology and purpose, their ideas

are very important because of their relatedness in their present work.

The concepts that are presented here are those which are significant to the researchers because they increased their motivation to finish the investigation.

A. The Philippine Clean Air Act rhea Philippines takes pride in being one of many countries around the world that is n active party to international commitments for the environment be it for biodiversity, coastal and marine resources, or to combat the effects of global warming consistent with the Constitutional principle of providing every Filipino the right to a balanced and healthful ecology. These include laws on forestry, land management, mining, solid waste management, clean water, and clean air.

The Clean Air Act is primarily implemented by the Departments of Environment and Natural Resources PENN), Transportation and Communication (DOTS), Trade and Industry (EDIT), Energy POE), and local government units. The country's geographical location and its being an archipelago keep the country air generally "clean" as ocean winds keep pollution at bay, but not in highly-urbanized areas where air pollution is largely caused by vehicular and industry emissions.

To curb air pollution from motor deciles, the Clean Air Act requires smoke emission tests prior to renewal of registration.

The Dot's Land Transportation Office (L TO) has already personalized TTS motor vehicle inspection centers to large transport groups, while the private emission testing centers (Pet's) were established in various parts of the country to revive testing services to public transport vehicles, including private-owned deciles. Likewise, Lugs and partners from the private sector have been aggressive in initiating programs to combat air pollution caused by vehicular emissions. No less than five city governments in MM are

involved in anti-smoke belching operations to make the 34-kilometer stretch of IDEAS smoke-free.

Even President Aquinas himself has acted as an anti-smoke belching agent, demonstrating an initiative to report a smoke-belching bus to the L TO via text messaging. The DOE, on the other hand, has threatened its drive to use cleaner fuel, reducing considerably the potentially harmful content in fuel, such as benzene in unleaded gasoline and sulfur in Industrial diesel oil. It has also promoted the use of alternative, cleaner fuels such as bodiless blends especially in government vehicles and public transportation.

The DOD reports that the use of cleaner fuels has resulted in a significant decrease in the number of children with elevated levels of lead in their blood, which can lead to disabilities and even death. (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2013) B. Granular Activated Carbon for Water and Wastewater Treatment Carbon has been used as an adsorbent for centuries.

Early uses of carbon were reported for Neater filtration and for sugar solution purification. Activated carbon's ability to remove a large variety of compounds from contaminated waters has led to its increased use in the last thirty years.

Recent changes in water discharge standards regarding toxic pollutants has placed additional emphasis on this technology. Adsorption is a natural process by which molecules of a dissolved compound collect on and adhere to the surface of an adsorbent solid. Adsorption occurs when the attractive forces at the carbon surface overcome the attractive forces of the liquid. Granular activated carbon is a particularly good adsorbent medium due to its high surface area to volume ratio.

One gram of a typical commercial activated carbon will have

a surface area equivalent to 1,000 square meters.

This high surface area permits the accumulation of a large number of contaminant molecules. The specific capacity of a granular activated carbon to adsorb organic compounds is related to: molecular surface attraction, the total surface area available per unit weight of Instrument for evaluating activated carbon use is the adsorption isotherm. The isotherm represents an empirical relationship between the amount of contaminant adsorbed per unit weight of carbon and its equilibrium water concentration. (Carbolic Corporation, 1992) C.

Coconut Fiber: A Low-Cost Water Treatment System for Rural Areas The water treatment system is based on simple filtration system, using coconut fiber and burnt rice husk as filter media.

The process consists of a two-stage filter system. In the first filter unit, shredded coconut fiber is placed and, in the second filter column, burnt rice husk is placed. Water flows from first to the second filter column. The second filter unit is placed at a level, lower than the first unit, to achieve the gravitational flow of Neater. (McHugh, 2012) Research Literature Arcane Y. T al (2007) proved that a filterer material for filtering fluid is disclosed.

This filterer material comprises fragments of coconut mesoderm. A Newscaster treatment system is also disclosed and comprises a filter bed and a water distribution system. The filter bed comprises fragments of coconut mesoderm as a filterer material. The present invention generally relates to filtration materials for altering a fluid. More particularly, it concerns a filterer material comprising fragments of coconut mesoderm, and to the use of such filterer material in a (Coco's esp..

N particular Coco's nuclear) wastewater treatment. The use of filterers or filters

IS well known in the field of wastewater treatment. The most widespread way of treating domestic wastewater consists of using a filtration bed of a given height made of porous materials and fed by a water system. The chosen packing material allows the retention of particulate matter and the fixation of micro-organisms that are expansible for the oxidation, among other things, of carbonaceous and nitrogenous matters.

To fulfill these functions adequately in a context of commercial industrial production, the ideal packing material must meet different specific characteristics Inch, up to date, are not found in a single material. Mainstay G. Et al (2008) described The present invention relates to a gas adsorption sheet having a terrorizing function and an air-purifying filter having a dust-removing function and a terrorizing function, and relates to a method for producing the gas adsorption sheet.

Heretofore, a granular activated carbon has generally been used for purification or terrorizing of a gas or liquid because of its cheap price, good air permeability and strong desirability for a solute in an aerosol or solution. As one of the techniques of applying such a granular activated carbon to an air-purifying filter, there is a sheet-like adsorption material to be used by passing an air to be purified through the sheet in a direction perpendicular to the sheet surface.

However, it is not easy to form into a filter by using the granular activated carbon alone in such a sheet-like adsorption material.

Even if the filter could be formed by using some carrier, there arises a problem that the granular activated carbon is easily released and lost from the carrier. Under these circumstances, it has

been required to develop a technique capable of effectively using the above granular Oh K. Et al (2012) provided an exhaust gas filter, including an external case connected with an exhaust pipe; a filtering unit provided in the external case; a filtering path supplying exhaust gas to the filtering unit; and a pressure relief flange provided in the external case to discharge exhaust gas bypassing the filtering unit.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust gas filter can prevent the exhaust gas filter from being broken by circuitously discharging exhaust gas even when particular matters collected in the exhaust gas filter increase and thus, pressure in the exhaust gas filter excessively increases.

Further, engine components such as an EGGER, a turbocharger, and the like can be prevented from being broken or outputs thereof can be prevented from deteriorating.

The Pretest - Posters Control Group Design will be used in this study. This design allows the researcher to determine the feasibility of the experimental group as a good exhaust gas filter with the coconut fibers and granular Materials and Equipment The following are the materials and equipment to be used in the study: coconut fibers, rice hulls, distilled water, corn starch, zinc chloride, oven, metal pot, pail, wet filter, burning sink, draining tray, mortar and pestle, stainless steel pipe, wire mesh and gallivanted iron. General Procedure A.

Collecting of Materials and Equipment Needed he coconut fibers and rice hull will be collected at the Public Market in Backlog City, the distilled water will be bought at the Elopes' San Sebastian, Backlog City while the stainless steel pipe, wire mesh, and gallivanted iron will

be bought at the ACE Hardware, Backlog City. The zinc chloride, oven, mortar and pestle will be borrowed at the Stockroom of Negroes Occidental High School. Meanwhile, the metal pot, pail, Net filter, burning sink, and draining tray must be kept ready for the making of the samples.

These will be brought to the Physics Laboratory of Negroes Occidental High School where the making of the samples will be done. B. Washing of Coconut Fibers and Rice Hulls rhea coconut fibers and rice hulls will be subjected separately to excessive washing to remove the dirt.

Then, they will be rinsed with distilled water so that the coconut fibers and rice hulls will not be contaminated with other substances which can alter the results. C. Drying of Coconut Fibers and Rice Hulls After washing, they will be allowed to dry completely using the oven.

It will be set to a temperature that could remove the excessive moisture from the coconut fibers and minding of Coconut Fibers rhea binding process will start by chopping the fibers.

Meanwhile, the binder solution Nil be prepared by dissolving 25 grams of corn starch in 25 millimeters of distilled Neater. The solution is then poured into a metal pot containing 500 millimeters of boiling water, heated for ten more minutes until the mixture of corn starch and water will become slightly sticky.

A handful of dried coconut fibers will be dipped in a pail containing 250 millimeters of distilled solution and the prepared solution. After being dipped, the coconut fibers Nil be spread evenly on a tray and a wet filter will be put on top of the coconut fibers to absorb the

moisture.

Then, the sample will be put into the oven for drying. E. Burning of the Rice Hull rhea rice hull must be free of moisture. Then, it will be added in the burning sink.

It Nil be burned continuously for about 4 h hours or until the rice hull will be turned onto ash.

For safe handling, the ash must be set aside until it cools down. F. Adding of 25% Concentrated Solution of Zinc Chloride After the ash will be cooled down, take it out carefully from the sink and transfer it into a clean plastic pail.

Then, the 25% concentrated solution of calcium chloride or zinc chloride will be poured into the plastic pail. The amount of calcium chloride or zinc chloride solution should be such that the ash is soaked completely into the solution. The pail will be covered with a lid and be left for 20- 24 hours.

During this process, the chemicals will be impregnated into the ash and further treatment will transform the ash into activated carbon. G. Removal of the Activated Carbon from the Solution rhea next step will be the removal of the activated carbon from the chemical solution and transferring it into a draining tray.

The treated activated carbon will be allowed to drain for about one hour. For the removal of trace chemicals from the activated arbor, it will be washed and rinsed repeatedly with sterilized water. Thorough Gnashing is essential in order to get rid of the chemical solution, which otherwise will remain in the charcoal.

It is one of the most common problems in the making of activated carbon by chemical activation procedure.

H. Baking of the

Activated Carbon After washing, the activated carbon must be kept in the tray for draining water. Following this, the activated carbon will be transferred into an oven; the temperature Nil is set to about 102 - 110 degrees Celsius and will be baked for about 3 hours. After baking for the stipulated time, the activated carbon will be removed from the oven and will be crushed with the help of mortar and pestle.

For future use, the granular activated carbon will be stored in zipper bags or airtight containers. L.

Measuring and Cutting of the Needed Materials rhea coconut fibers and granular activated carbon and the other required materials and equipment will be brought to the mechanic's shop. With the help of the mechanic, the researchers will measure the stainless pipe and the gallivanted iron and cut it into the length needed. The gallivanted iron will be formed in a cylindrical happen. J.

Assembling of the Materials be put in between two wire mesh and so as the granular activated carbon from rice hull.

Then wire mesh will be attached by the researcher at the cylindrical gallivanted iron and stainless steel pipe. K. Testing of the Exhaust Gas Filter rhea device will be brought to the Barge Emission Testing Center for the testing. First, the researchers will measure the amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxide emitted by the vehicle's muffler without the exhaust gas filter.

After recording the results of the first test, the researchers will proceed to the second test. The time length of the first test must be kept constant or the same as the time length of the second test.

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